How to Choose a Copper Still

Picking your first (or next) still comes down to a handful of decisions. This guide walks through each one so you can match a still to the spirits you want to make and the space you have.

1. What size still do you need?

Still size is measured by boiler capacity in gallons. As a rule of thumb you'll fill the boiler about two-thirds full of wash, and yield depends on the alcohol content of that wash. Small 1–4 gallon stills are perfect for experimenting, learning cuts, and making essential oils or small whiskey runs. 6–13 gallon stills are the hobbyist sweet spot — enough output for a satisfying batch without becoming a chore to manage. 20 gallons and up moves toward serious or micro-distillery production and usually means electric heating.

2. Onion head vs. mushroom top

Both shapes are traditional pot-still heads. The onion head is the classic rounded dome seen on old whiskey and moonshine stills. The mushroom top has a wider, flatter cap that increases reflux slightly, which can help with a touch more clarity. For most hobby distillers the choice is mostly aesthetic — both make excellent spirit.

3. Do you want a thumper and worm?

A thumper keg acts as a second, informal distillation stage: vapor bubbles through liquid in the thumper, raising proof and giving you a place to add fruit or spices for flavor. A worm is the traditional coiled condenser that sits in a bucket of cool water. A still with both is a complete, old-fashioned moonshine rig ready to run out of the box.

4. Why copper?

Copper isn't just for looks. It chemically removes sulfur compounds produced during fermentation, which is what gives a clean, smooth distillate instead of a harsh, eggy one. Look for 100% copper at least 1 mm thick with lead-free tin-silver soldered joints — never lead solder or brass fittings in the vapor path. See copper vs. stainless for more.

5. Heating: propane vs. electric

Smaller stills are usually heated on a propane burner or stovetop. Larger boilers (20+ gallons) typically use built-in electric elements (often 220V) for steady, hands-off control. Electric is safer indoors and easier to hold at a target temperature.

Ready to shop? Browse our full range of copper stills or read the distilling FAQ.